Trace a packet from your laptop to a server across the world. Master IP addressing, TCP, DNS, HTTP, and the security layer that keeps it all safe.
How networks are organised, IP addresses, and routing basics.
Computer Networks — OSI Model, TCP/IP & HTTP
From physical cables to HTTP requests. Learn the OSI and TCP/IP models, how DNS resolves names, TCP vs UDP, and how the web actually works.
IP Addressing, Subnetting & CIDR
Understand IPv4 binary structure, subnet masks, CIDR notation, private vs public ranges, NAT, and how IPv6 solves address exhaustion.
TCP reliability, flow control, and the full lifecycle of a connection.
DNS, HTTP, and the full suite of application-layer protocols.
DNS — The Internet's Directory Service
Trace a DNS query from browser to authoritative nameserver. Learn all record types, TTL trade-offs, DNSSEC, DoH, and how to debug DNS issues.
HTTP & HTTPS — Methods, Headers & TLS
A complete guide to HTTP: request/response structure, all methods, status codes, important headers, cookies, HTTP/2, HTTP/3, and the TLS handshake.
Application Protocols — SMTP, FTP, SSH & WebSockets
Beyond HTTP: how email, file transfer, remote login, and real-time bi-directional communication protocols work at the application layer.
How routers find paths across the internet and how load balancers and CDNs scale traffic.
Routing Protocols — RIP, OSPF, BGP & How the Internet Routes
How routers share topology information and choose paths. Covers distance-vector vs link-state, OSPF internals, and BGP as the glue of the internet.
Load Balancers & CDNs — Scaling Traffic at the Edge
L4 vs L7 load balancing, health checks, consistent hashing, and how CDNs push content close to users with PoPs and cache invalidation.
Attack techniques, defence mechanisms, and hands-on troubleshooting tools.
Network Security — TLS, Attacks & Defences
From symmetric vs asymmetric crypto to MITM, DDoS, SYN floods, DNS spoofing, and SSL stripping. Learn the attacks and how to stop them.
Network Troubleshooting — ping, traceroute, Wireshark & tcpdump
A practical toolkit for diagnosing network problems: reading ICMP output, tracing hops, capturing packets, and interpreting TCP flags in the wild.